Three key principles of Information Organization

there are three key principles of Information Organization: Knowledge needs to be organized for communities (Communities), In designing tools to support the organization of knowledge, guiding principle must be that of user orientation and predominant usage (User Orientation), Standardization and networking provide infrastructures, which facilitate effective and efficient access to information and documents (Standardization and Networking). The list below are the sub-principles of the three principles, each principles contains break parts that will help me understand further the thoughts of the three major principles.

Communities:
• Libraries have always been established to serve a community
• Needs of the community for information, documents, education and recreation are established through user studies, service delivery, committees ('focus groups'), involvement with stake holders in the community and other interactions with the community
• Libraries deploy their resources (human, financial, documents) according to this need
• Similarly the producers of databases and publishers, who organize knowledge embedded in document and databases, do so with the understanding of the marketplace, and the type and format of information that is likely to cultivate and maintain a loyal customer base
• Portals could be viewed as the electronic agency that tailors document access and information services for specific communities
• Nature of communities varies with the type of portal - public, commercial, internal, etc. • However, the imperative to develop a community is clear.
• Public service needs to be offered to an identifiable community for resources to continue to support the portal
• Commercial portals need to be convinced that their Internet activities are having a positive effect on awareness, reputation and trade
• Creation of communities cannot be left to chance
• E-organizations need to go beyond defining relationships with the customers, to taking a lead in the definition of the culture and values of the community they are seeking to create
• This definition will assist consumers to identify with a community to which they can contribute

User orientation:
• In the design of access points, index terms, search keys, and, more traditionally, headings, the principles of user orientation and reference to the user's cognitive and semantic frameworks has been long established o E.g.: AACR for rendering personal and corporate names
• Literary warrant or basing subject access on the literature of a subject is a well-established principle
• Most subject-based tools offer both alphabetical access (through natural language terms) and hierarchical access through a series of related topics
• Classification schemes have been the primary mode of offering access to related subjects
• Traditional classification schemes were hierarchical in nature, as are the menu structures embedded in many web sites
• Limitations of classification schemes has become evident with the growth of knowledge - resulting in cross-classification (location of a topic in multiple hierarchies)
• Many menu-based hierarchies do not use a classification notation - rather use natural language to represent subjects (alphabetic-classed approach)

Standardization and networking:
• Global L&I community has achieved great success in international networks and networking activities
• Support exchange of bibliographic data and documents and a host of other services o Examples: MARC, ISBD, Dublin Core, Z39.50, OAI, etc.
• Demonstrate the sharing of expertise and perspectives in relation to the organization of knowledge
• Use of these standards also leads to standardization in the interfaces offered to the user: o Searching effectively across a range of different libraries and databases, so that search skills learned in one environment are transferable to other environments o Locating documents or information on the basis of citations in other sources